APPLY THE LEARNING CURVE THEORY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

APPLY THE LEARNING CURVE THEORY - Research Paper Example The curve helps an organization to tune it finely from all directions. If an organization has the knowledge of handling the entire process, it can make informed decisions. The simulation describes the opening of a Pizza store by Mario in Palm Springs which was situated I a mall where there was potentiality to succeed and make profits as there was traffic of customers. Mario although faced many challenges of customer dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction moved to an extent that most customers left the store without purchasing due to waiting for a very long time. What Mario should therefore aim is the retention of the old customers and getting more new consumers of his product. For the goals to be achieved there are changes or alternatives that should be employed by Mario. Mario is required to reduce the time customers use in waiting. The time should be cut down from nine minutes. Mario also have to balance their demand of service and provide appropriate service to the clients. If this can be rectified Mario’s business would be profitable. As Mario has a small business the learning curve can be very profitable and helpful to him. The process they use can adapt concepts of the learning curve in very many ways. The learning curve has been removed from the chronological observation that people who do recurring roles exhibit a development in task performance in many times. The empirical studies of this occurrence give rise to three conclusions based on current practice and theory. The period required to carry out a role diminishes with the repeat of the task. The quantity of development has adequate consistency to let its function as a tool of prediction (Hugh J. R et al, 2012) In the simulation a process data of performance was compiled. There was the choice to change cooks, staff, 4 person and 2 person tables to have to give the maximum service without interfering with the profits. The table above shows how the profit goes up every time

Vik Muniz's Action Photo 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vik Muniz's Action Photo 1 - Essay Example The following is a discussion that seeks to evaluate Vik Muniz’s action photo on the use of the edible medium, subject and meaning, socio-cultural context, and general reflections. Question 1 The action piece of art by Vik Muniz enforces the use of chocolate and sugar as the media of painting. As argued for initially, the word action emanates from the practice of art whereby artists spread and splash paint randomly to eventually develop artworks in accordance to their perceptions. The artist’s paintings shows the legendary artist, Jackson Pollock busy painting on a piece of material lying on the floor. The artist uses chocolate syrup, and uses the paint to implement a stylistic painting approach whereby the audience will conceive an attitude of edibility. Therefore, the form taken by Vik Muniz emulates an emotional perception that the painting is as important as most of the delicacies known to the society, for example, chocolate (Respini 45). The work is presentable des pite the use of chocolate and sugar as the media. It contains allure and luster at the edges where the artists initiated change of chocolate medium to sugar. The main linings seem to establish a glittering reddish outline and possibilities are that the painting’s advantage emanates from the use of little chocolate to more sugar syrup over the wire lining. As the work portrays Pollock busy in the action art, the artist lures all viewers into conception that art is extremely important in our lives just as food and water. Through keen observations, an audience can easily tell of the advantages of varying the glossy chocolate in production of an attractive photo. The photo measures at 60cm by 48cm.The photo displays Pollock as a busy artist and the glossy texture of the observed from the photo might illuminate his passion (Durant 55). Arguably, Muniz photo establishes a series of events whereby the photo looks like a painting, and the use of an edible medium to represent a genera l paint. Question 2 The theme of the art piece of action photo by Muniz is intense and relative to setting an understanding on the importance of artists in the artist. Arguably, Muniz seeks to implement the allure of the abstract expressionism, which Americans declined to perceive its importance and sense for a long period. Muniz extensive use of edible media in the artwork remains significant and misinterpretations since an artistic meaning underlies therein (Van 67). Mainly, Muniz drew the original painting and photographed it before it lost its glossy appeal. The photo denotes action as Muniz develops it stylishly to show the struggle that Pollock endured in order to develop his personal expressionism paintings. Arguably, Vik’s action photo seeks to enlighten the audience on the struggle that Pollock survived in order to develophis art through the spontaneous and random splash of paint (Respini 48). Therefore, Muniz used chocolate and sugar as the media of painting to show Pollock in the field of art. With the use of such media, it is evident that Muniz wanted to emphasize on the importance action art that was always Pollock’s art approach in reaching the society embarking to expressionism. However, Muniz is more precise and uniquely presents the painting such that Pollock’s artwork gains the desired appraisal in the society (Van 68). It is through Muniz’

Compare Enlightened Despotism with the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Compare Enlightened Despotism with the French Revolution Essay The Enlightenment, an historical period of the 18th and early 19th centuries influenced actions of absolute rulers. This movement also provided a framework for the French Revolutions. Enlightened despots believed that political change could best come from the ruler. Where as the French Revolution did many things, unleashed new forces, destroy old ideas, offered new promises. Not the Revolution itself, of course, but the people who made it. However, Enlightened despots were encouraged by the philosophers to make good laws to promote human happiness. Despots acted abruptly and desired quicker results. They were impatient with all that stood in the way of their reforms. In addition, they justified their authority on the grounds of usefulness, not divine right? Frederick II (Frederick the Great), the most famous Prussian absolute monarch and a military genius, pursued an aggressive foreign policy. In 1740 he seized from Austria the province of Silesia. His action culminated in a major European conflict, the Seven Years War (1756-1763), in which he was pitted against a powerful Europe. Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality, and applied them to their kingdoms. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education. Enlightened Absolutists believe that they had the right to govern by birth. Emperor Joseph II can be said to have fully embraced the Enlightened concept of the social contract. In contrast Catherine II entirely rejected the concept of the social contract while taking up many ideas of the Enlightenment. The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a pivotal period in the history of France and Europe. The Revolution is widely seen as a major turning point in European history-from the age of absolutism, to the age of the citizenry, as the dominant political force. Many interrelated political and socioeconomic factors contributed to the French Revolution. It fell to the ambitions of a rising bourgeoisie, allied with aggrieved peasants, wage earners, and individuals of all classes who had come under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightment. It was and remains a system of ideas that are usually goal- directed. Most ideologies are, therefore, fundamentally political, bright descriptions of the means and methods by which the instruments of revolution, party, or government ought to be used for the purpose of social change. The French Revolution was the first major social revolution, of far greater dimensions and of deeper purpose. Elected to the Committee of Public Safety in July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) soon came to dominate that group, hence dominate the revolutionary government. He exhibited himself as a ruthless individual, incorruptible, dictatorial, impersonal, and determined to sweep away all who opposed the Revolution. He urged the war on against the monarchical powers of France, and he encouraged the Reign of Terror. The major causes of   French Revolution include the following: A poor economic situation and an unmanageable national debt were both caused and exacerbated by the burden of a grossly inequitable system of taxation and Frances funding of the American revolution, A resentment of royal absolutism; An aspiration for liberty and republicanism; A resentment of Manorialism (seigneurialism) by peasants, wage-earners, and to a lesser extent, the bourgeoisie; The rise of enlightenment ideals; Food scarcity in the months immediately before the revolution; High unemployment and high bread prices resulting in the inability to purchase food; A resentment of noble privilege and dominance in public life by the ambitious professional classes. In principle and by legislation, French revolution made the individual citizen the center of a new social order. The social order should, therefore, be designed to maximize this freedom, this personal liberty. References Spielvogel Western Civilization Volume II: Since 1500 (2003) p.493, 517. Scott, H. M, Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in Late Eighteenth Century Europe (1990), ISBN 0472101730.

Breach of Contract Case Study

Breach of Contract Case Study JIGAR NAROLA       Contract breach is a breach when two parties or individuals are entitled to certain condition on working together and one of the party breaks them or does not abide to the condition. In a contract breach the innocent party can file a lawsuit against the defendant. There are a lot of case where there is a breach of contract, such cases are first handled by the trail court and later can be fought in the court of appeal if either of the parties are not satisfied with the decisions of the trail court and then if may also go further to a higher court. The U.S. court system is: An example of a case of breach of contract is the case of jerrys Hardware, L.L.C. v. Hillcrest Partners, No. 14-1625, 2015 Iowa App. LEXIS 654 (July 22, 2015) Jerrys Hardware, L.L.C. v. Hillcrest Partners In this case Jerry hardware, plaintiff, enter and signed a lease agreement were Hillcrest Partners agreed to lease a commercial space that they were planning to build. Hillcrest partners agreed to build the commercial space according to Jerrys hardwares requirements. Jerrys hardware informed Hillcrest that they were buying inventor, fixtures and electronic for the store at the rate of $100,000. Hillcrest partners neve started the construction as they were not able to acquire the required finance. The attorney of Jerrys hardware sent two letter to the defendant requesting information and explanation regarding the delay and stating that they were not interesting in terminating the contract. The second letter included the items and the loss which the plaintiff has incurred due to the failure of the defendant. Hillcrest partners did not answer any of the letters and they were also not interested in terminating the lease. To reduce the amount of loss, the plaintiff leased another complex for its store. The new location was less visiblw and it required a large amount of renovation and upgrades. It also required an upgrade in the electrical system and the paint system. The plaintiff later found that the equipment he purchased in 2010 were not up to the requirement in 2012. Later, in 2013, Jerrys Hardware files a lawsuit against Hillcrest for breach of contract. After a bench trail the court , the court found that the defendant had breached the contract and awarded the plaintiff an amount of $100,444.77 in unexpected damages, cost of new electrical systems and new paint system and the amount of new equipments. Court of Appeals Decision:       After the decision in the of the trail court, the defendant registered in the court of appeal. The court of appeal supported the decision of the trail court. The defendant argued that the contract was not enforceable as they were not able to attain finances, which was one of the condition precedent in the contract. The court of appeal stated that the contract was enforceable, the court found that keeping in mind the other conditions in the contract, nonfulfillment of condition percent only gave the defendant to terminate the contract by giving a written notice to the plaintiff, and as the defendant did not choose the option to terminate the contract, the contract was still valid. But, the court of appeal made a change in the decision that the defendant was not liable to pay for the plaintiffs damage of the property which was in the storage because it was the plaintiffs responsibility to store in a storage where Conclusion of the case: The case was a twist as condition precedent were not the condition precedent at all, in fact they were overruled due to other conditions in the contract. The district court did not abuse its discretion in its determinations on Hillcrests multiple motions to continue the trial. The court properly determined the lease agreement was enforceable between the parties. When an individual or a business is involved in a breach in contract it is liable to and entitled to provide remedy to the the non-breaching individual or business. There are different types of remedies: Damages- This is the most common remedy for a breach of contract. The breaching party has to pay the sum of loss amount of the damage incurred by the non-breaching party due to their conduct. There are many kinds of damages. Compensatory damages, is when the non-breaching party is kept in a position same as if the breach had not been occurred. Punitive damage, are the damage that the breaching party must pay to the non-breaching party in full. This remedy is used when the breach is done in wrong full manner. Nominal damage, is the remedy in which the breach party has to pay a nominal amount and no actual loss is made by the non-breaching party. Liquidated damages, are the damages that were identified by the parties in their contract. Specific performance- This remedy is used when damages are not adequate to as a remedy. In specific performance, the breaching party is order to fulfill their duty as mentioned in the contract. This remedy is used when the issue of money does not matter in the contract such as contract for selling a property and later the seller refuses, the court can order the seller and compel him to sell the house as per the contract. Cancellation and restitution- Restitution as a remedy mean that the non-breaching party is put back in a positon that it was in prior to the contract and cancellation means that both the parties are free for the obligations of the contract. In the case of Jerrys Hardware, L.L.C. v. Hillcrest Partners the remdy that was used was the remedy of damages. There a few things that the defendant must have considered to avoid a lawsuit for breach of contract, Hillcrest should have not signed a contract until and unless they were not sure of their finance. Signing a contract without their finance increased their risk of breaching it and secondly they should have replies to the letters that were send to them by jerrs attorney. References Two Iowa Breach of Contract Cases, Two Judgments for Plaintiffs | Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation. (2015, July 23). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from https://www.calt.iastate.edu/article/two-iowa-breach-contract-cases-two-judgments-plaintiffs JERRYS HARDWARE, L.L.C., Plaintiff-Appellee/Cross-Appellant, vs. HILLCREST PARTNERS, a general partnership, CHARLES A. RUHL JR., and STEVEN FRY, Defendant-Appellants/Cross-Appellees. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://law.justia.com/cases/iowa/court-of-appeals/2015/14-1625.html Breach of Contract and Lawsuits. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-contracts-forms/breach-of-contract-and-lawsuits.html Breach of Contract Case Study Breach of Contract Case Study MOHANA DIGHE ISSUE- Washington (January 6, 2016, 4:14 PM EST) A driver for Uber hit the ride-offering organization to a claim a breach of contract in California government court, affirming in a proposed class activity that Uber neglected to pay drivers the winter advancement as per its reported tenets in the advertisement. Kimberly Berger claims that Uber did not pay California drivers the full rates they were guaranteed under the organizations Winter Warmup advancement, which ensured least rates to taking an interest drivers who met an arrangement of conditions. As indicated by the grumbling, the advancement ensured drivers least hourly rates for specific periods on the off chance that they acknowledged no less than 90 percent of excursions, arrived at the midpoint of no less than one trek a hour and were online for no less than 50 minutes of consistently worked. The base hour rates extended from $16 every hour to $26 every hour, in view of the day and age, as indicated by the grievance. The most astounding hour rates secured Friday and Saturday evenings. The suit claims Berger, and different drivers in the proposed class, met the states of the Winter Warmup advancement however were not paid the guaranteed rates. In particular, the suit claims, Uber paid the expenses as a normal gross hourly rate rather than a base rate for every hour. The organization likewise subtracted expenses from the promoted rates, the suit claims. Therefore, the genuine hourly rates for pinnacle, normal, and nonpeak hours, were $20, $12, and $10 every hour, and not the $26, $20, and $16 every hour promoted, the suit affirms. Berger claims the instalment hones broke Ubers agreement with its drivers and furthermore constituted unjustifiable business hones under California state law. Berger is looking for unspecified harms for the benefit of herself and the proposed class, lawyers charges and an assertion that Ubers instalment rehearses for the advancement abuse California state law. She requested that the judge confirm a class of Uber drivers in California that took part in the advancement. The suit did not determine how vast Berger expects the class will be. The organization asserts its drivers are self employed entities, not workers, which a class of drivers have debated in a different claim. Uber approached a month ago for a stay in that claim while the organization requests the courts current deciding that its 2014 and 2015 discretion understandings are unenforceable. Uber did not instantly react to a demand for input (Uber Driver Says Co. Breached Promotion Contract Law360). Use of Agreement Law- (a) APPLICABLE BREACH OR VIOLATION This segment applies if there should be an occurrence of break or infringement of a portrayal or stipulation incorporated into an agreement under area 6502 of this title. (b)LIQUIDATED DAMAGES notwithstanding harms for some other break of the agreement, the gathering in charge of a rupture or infringement depicted in subsection (an) is obligated to the National Government for the accompanying sold harms: (1) A sum equivalent to the total of $10 every day for every person under 16 years old and each imprisoned individual intentionally utilized in the execution of the agreement. (2) A sum equivalent to the entirety of every underpayment of wages due a representative occupied with the execution of the agreement, including any underpayments emerging from derivations, discounts, or discounts. (c)CANCELLATION AND ALTERNATIVE COMPLETION Notwithstanding the Central Government being qualified for harms depicted in subsection (b), the office of the Unified States that made the agreement may scratch off the agreement and make open-showcase buys or make different contracts for the culmination of the first contract, charging any extra cost to the first temporary worker. (d) RECOVERY OF AMOUNTS DUE.- A sum due the Central Government on account of a break or infringement depicted in subsection (a) might be withheld from any sums owed the contractual worker under any agreement under area 6502 of this title or might be recuperated in a suit brought by the Lawyer General. (e)EMPLOYEE REMBURISMENT FOR UNDERPAYMENT OF WAGES.- A sum withheld or recuperated under subsection (d) that depends on an underpayment of wages as depicted in subsection (b)(2) should be held in an uncommon store account. On request of the Secretary, the sum might be paid straightforwardly to the come up short on worker on whose record the sum was withheld or recuperated. Be that as it may, a representatives claim for installment under this subsection might be engaged just if made inside one year from the date of genuine notice to the temporary worker of the withholding or recuperation. REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT- Equitable Remedies   Equitable Remedies are those that are forced when cash harms would not enough cure the non-breaking party. The accompanying sorts of fair cures might be accessible in the given case:   Particular Execution Particular execution is a request by the court that requires the breaking gathering to do the agreement as it was initially composed. This kind of cure is uncommon. In any case, it might be requested in specific conditions. For instance, particular execution might be forced when the topic is one of a kind, for example, an acclaimed painting or a particular bit of property. Courts are reluctant to request particular execution since it requires the progressing observing by the court of the agreement. Rescission Rescission of the agreement is a cure that permits the non-breaking gathering to wipe out his or her duties under the agreement. This cure may be accessible when the agreement depended on misrepresentation or an error by either of the gatherings. It is additionally accessible if both sides like to scratch off the agreement and give back any cash that had been progressed as a feature of the agreement. Reorganization Reorganization permits two gatherings to change an agreement so that it all the more precisely reflects what the gatherings plan. This cure requires that the agreement be substantial. It might be accessible when one of the gatherings had a mixed up comprehension about a material term of the agreement.   Legitimate Cures Legitimate cures regularly appear as money related harms that are granted to help make the blameless party entirety. A few cases of legitimate cures are examined underneath. Compensatory Harms Compensatory harms are those that are intended to remunerate the non-breaking party for the rupture. These incorporate desire harms and considerable harms. Desire harms are those that give the non-rupturing party the money related assets that he or she would have gotten had the agreement been performed. These harms are normally in view of the agreement itself or the honest estimation of the topic of the agreement. For instance, compensatory harms might be the sum vital for the non-breaking gathering to buy a substitute item that is proportional to the one contracted for. In the event that the agreement was for an offer of merchandise, compensatory harms are generally the contrast between the agreement cost and the market estimation of the products. These harms likewise comprise of the costs important to make the non-rupturing party entire after the break, for example, promoting costs to publicize the items that the breaking party neglected to pay for. Be that as it may, the non-rupturing party by and large has an obligation to relieve his or her misfortunes. Significant harms are those harms that repay the guiltless party for backhanded costs that came about because of the break. They regularly result from uncommon conditions that are included in the agreement that may not be normally unsurprising. For instance, a honest gathering may approach to be repaid for the loss of business benefits that got from not having admittance to the fundamental materials to create an item for an outsider. All together for the honest party to get these harms, he or she should demonstrate that this misfortune was sensibly predictable to both sides when they composed the agreement and the misfortune was an immediate consequence of the break. Liquidation Harms In a few contracts, particular harms are pre-decided. These harms are called exchanged harms. They are normally some portion of agreements where it is hard to decide the real sum that a gathering was harmed because of a break, for example, a rupture of an agreement not to contend. Reformatory Harms Reformatory harms are intended to rebuff a blameworthy gathering keeping in mind the end goal to keep that gathering or others from taking part in comparative direct later on. Be that as it may, corrective harms more often than not require a more grounded goal than is essential in standard rupture of agreement cases. For instance, to be granted reformatory harms, an offended party may host to demonstrate that the rupturing gathering acted in a noxious or fake matter. A few states particularly restrict offended parties from recuperating correctional harms on break of agreement cases. Lawyer Expenses and Expenses The common party in a break of agreement case might have the capacity to gather lawyer charges and costs that he or she caused keeping in mind the end goal to realize lawful activity. A few states just permit these harms on the off chance that they are particularly accommodated in the agreement (hg.org).

Essay --

Patricia Wang Mrs. Pagtakhan Junior English 10 March 2014 A Reflection of One’s Character The American Dream is an ideal vision many people strive for, promising happiness, prosperity, and success. â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness† is the foundation of American society, presenting a false perception that everyone can achieve the American Dream. Although people assume that the Dream comes with an equal opportunity for all, one’s success is undoubtedly tied to a material component. The rich and powerful are born into affluence while the farmers and industrial workers can only long for it. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald portrays Tom Buchanan’s arrogance and fear of change and Jay Gatsby’s obsession with getting Daisy through their homes, revealing Gatsby’s inability to reach his vision of the American Dream. Tom Buchanan’s home reveals his arrogance and fear of change, as he has already reached the American Dream. Tom’s â€Å"Georgian Colonial mansion overlooking the bay† parallels his â€Å"rather hard mouth and †¦ supercilious manner† (11). Located on East Egg, Tom’s house displays the old-fashioned, traditional East where the richest families retain their wealth through family lineage instead of personal gain in the West. The United States originated and expanded from the east coast westward, symbolizing East Egg as the foundation of real money and wealth, while West Egg as money earned through ambition and hard work. Built on the top of the hill, Tom’s home overlooks the entire bay, reminding himself and others that he is above everyone. This ultimately leads to his haughty personality, as he is a â€Å"careless [person†¦ mashing] up things and creatures and then [retreating] back into [his] money or [his] vast carelessness† (... ...e American Dream. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald parallels Jay Gatsby’s home with his longing for the American Dream and Tom Buchanan’s home with his supercilious personality as a result of his excessive wealth. Tom’s directly inherited wealth and Gatsby’s self-earned money reveal that one’s background or environment ultimately determines whether or not the Dream is attainable. Gatsby’s endless struggle portrays the misconception that the American Dream is achievable through hard work and determination, regardless of social class or material wealth. The harsh reality is that wealth and power are the true factors that lead to success and happiness; those who are not born into this environment can never achieve their ideal vision. The desire for perfection undermines the true American society as people continuously strive for the illusion of the American Dream.

Pain - No Redeeming Social Value :: Psychology Essays Research Papers

Pain - No Redeeming Social Value No better person exemplifies the ill than in-hospital patients, trapped against their will by both doctors and physical pain. They experience a variety of negative traits, such as being self-absorbed. An excellent example of a person’s self-absorption occurs in life and death situations. In lifeguard training, one of the first things that is taught was never to directly approach someone who is drowning. When someone is drowning they are panicking, the pain that is inflicted on them in this instance will cause them to do anything, however irrational, in order to save their lives. If a lifeguard attempts to rescue a person who is panicking it is very likely that they will be inadvertently drowned. Another mental affliction is selfishness. When a person is experiencing a large amount of pain, their concern is only for making it go away, unconcerned with its consequences, even of an emotional toll on family. A situation of this type could occur at a child’s birthday party, in which one of the children is hurt. His pain inspires a selfishness that prompts the parents to bring the party to a halt in order to find some sort of relief. Indeed, physical pain does little to ease the mind; rather one becomes more tense and querulous, ready to spark like a wildfire at the slightest chance. There is no better example than the old grouch on the geriatrics ward of a small town, dying from skin cancer. The lesions in his skin continue to grow and multiply, despite all the care given by the hospital staff. This great discomfort only hardened his heart, and he became more and more difficult to please. He often called upon the nurses at odd hours of the day to demand attention. When they did not come to him with whatever he wanted on command, he would throw his bedpan out into the hallway. Neither did he have a problem with defecating all over the room when they could not please him. Yet when the janitors would come in to clean up his mess, he would yell at them as if they were the cause behind all this. Even the doctors would dread their daily confrontations with him where he would blame them for all his discomfort. One can also see that being stuck in the gloomy hospital environment, surrounded by the ill and the dying, does little to help one's impatient nature when cloaked by the searing pain with little if any aid.

No Groove in the Gunsights by Lars Kullberg :: essays research papers

No Groove in the Gunsights Always under the thumb of his dark mistress, the speaker struggles beneath her power. Try as he may, he will never be able to break the tie of lust between the two. His threats are not threatening to her, and he knows this. His power is beneath her's, and he knows this as well. By threatening his lover in the 140th sonnet, the speaker is merely admitting to his own helplessness to which he is forever bound. This appears to be the first sonnet in which he is taking a stand. Never before has he spoken in such a threatening tone: "Be wise†¦do not press/My tongue tied patience†¦" (140. 1-2). One might think that he is now revealing for the first time his yet unheard of power. But he has no such power. He knows that his threats do not frighten her†¦ so why does he even bother? Sure, he could untie his tongue and let the world know of her habits. However, no one would care. She is a dark lady—she and others like her are meant to be that way. He would only be telling what is already known. However, what she has to tell of him is not already known. Being a married man, he is not expected to have a mistress. She is his only mistress. They both know this as well. If he were to lose her, he would have nothing left. She knows his lust for her—his need for her. She knows he lives for her darkness and for the pleasure he finds in her†¦ temporary as it may be. Temporary yet lasting. There may be times when he thinks he can live without her, but the time comes again soon when he feels the familiar lust again. It is the lack of love which makes it temporary. However, it is the abundance of lust which makes it permanent. He is only one of her many lovers. If she were to loose him, she would still have many others to satisfy her. She takes comfort in the fact that he needs her and he remains under her thumb to almost any extent. The speaker knows she has many lovers. He claims to hate her unfaithfulness, but in fact he likes it. He likes the fact that she is nothing more than an object of sex†¦of temporary pleasure. If she were really in love with him and were truly faithful, he would be less attracted to her. The passion and the lust would be gone. So the question remains—why does he bother with these empty threats?

Group Dynamics Essay

Work is being restructured around groups of all kinds and in all sizes of organizations. Managers need an understanding of group behavior and the concept of teams in order to appreciate what groups can and cannot do within organizations and how groups function. Any one member in group can influence the behavior of the individuals in the group and teamwork. We will examine some basic characteristics of groups including the types of work groups, the development of informal groups, and the manner in which groups operate. UNDERSTANDING GROUP BEHAVIOR Groups exhibit different behavior—more than just the sum total of each group member’s individual behavior. In this section, we’re going to look at various aspects of group behavior. What is a Group? A group is defined as two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve particular objectives. 1. Groups differ from mere aggregates of individual because the latter have no interdependence, interaction, or common goal. 2. Groups differ from organizations because the latter involve systematic efforts and are engaged in the production of goods and services. 3. Teamwork occurs when groups are able to work efficiently and effectively together to achieve organizational goals. There are a number of types of work groups 1. A formal group is a group officially planned and created by an organization for a specific purpose. a. A command or functional group is a formal group consisting of a manager and all the subordinates who report to that manager. ) Each identifiable work group consisting of manager and subordinates is a command group. 2) A linking is an individual who provides a means of coordination between command groups at two different levels by fulfilling a supervisory role in the lower-level group and a subordinate role in the higher-level group. 2. Informal groups are natural social formations that appear in the work environment. An informal group is a group that is established by employees, rather than by the organization, in order to serve group members’ interests or social needs. Informal groups are unplanned groups. a. An interest group is an informal group created to facilitate employee pursuits of common concern. b. A friendship group is an informal group that evolves primarily to meet employee social needs. Overview of Group Dynamics Formal and informal work groups are becoming increasingly important competitive factors in organizations. Teamwork is the result of groups working together to effectively and efficiently achieving organizational goals. Formal groups include command and task groups. Informal groups include interest and friendship groups. A useful way to analyze groups is to view them as systems that use inputs, engage in various processes or transformations, and produce outcomes. Managers can help bring about higher performance from formal work groups by weighing the characteristics of members they assign to particular groups. Group members should have task-relevant expertise and appropriate interpersonal skills. Also, it has been found, that a degree of diversity among group members usually adds to performance. Group training, particularly for diverse groups, has been found to be useful. Members may be attracted to a group for a number of reasons including being attracted to or liking other members of the group, liking the activities of the group, the goals or purposes of the group, because the group satisfies an individual’s need for affiliation, and/or because the group can help an individual achieve a goal outside the group. The absence of attraction can prevent the group from achieving high performance. Member roles in groups include group task roles, group maintenance roles, and self performance. Member roles in groups include group task roles, group maintenance roles, and self oriented roles. The size of the group has also been found to have significant bearing on the group’s performance. Mid-sized groups, from five to seven members, seem to be an optimum size according to recent research. Smaller groups can often exacerbate individual differences. Large groups tend to be when working in groups than when working alone. Free riding is particularly likely when members exhibit individualism rather than collectivism. Managers can combat social loafing by several methods. Assign just enough people to do the work is one key method. Other methods include making each individual’s work visible, providing for individual feedback, have people work with those the respect, have standards to actually measure group performance, and making rewards contingent on a combination of individual and group performance. The work group processes usually result in greater or lesser performance than would occur if the individuals worked alone rather than as members of the group. This process is called synergy. Managers strive to have a positive synergy from the group rather than negative. Three key characteristics of the group help determine the synergy levels. These are group norms, group cohesiveness, and group development. Norms are the behaviors of group members that are acceptable to the group. Norms stem from explicit statements by supervisors and coworkers, critical events in a group’s history, primacy, and carryover behaviors. Group cohesiveness has important consequences for group communication, satisfaction, performance, hostility and aggression toward other groups, and a group’s willingness to innovate and change. Factors influencing the amount of cohesiveness in a group include whether or not members of the group share attitudes and values, the amount and severity of external threats to the group, whether or not the group experiences recognizable successes, the degree of difficulty encountered in joining the group, and the size of the group. One view of group development shows groups passing through five distinct stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. A group’s performance varies depending on the stage it is in. A special kind of group behavior is found in group meetings. Because of the considerable amount of time spent in meetings, it is important for managers to know how to maximize group meeting effectiveness. This chapter includes an excellent short guide for how managers can lead more effective group meetings. Groups can also help facilitate creativity and innovation in the organization. Some of the major mechanisms that organizations use to encourage the creative and innovative capacity of groups include the use of task forces, or ad hoc committees, and teams, particularly entrepreneurial and self-managing teams.

Montessori †Purpose of Education Essay

In the above mentioned lines Dr. Maria Montessori wants to convey that purpose of education is not just transfer the knowledge from person to person or teacher to students but to help students release their full human potential. It is not just that teachers give and students take either way they get understood or not. â€Å"Education is a natural process carried out by the child and is not acquired by listening to words but by experiences in the environment† (The Absorbent mind, p-24, chapter-3). Education is a natural process which carried out by the human individually, no one can teach them. Education should take a new way of seeking and improving the human potential and human life. From the Montessori philosophy point of view potential is only develop if proper environment is there, with environment child also need freedom. Education is a observe child potential during a child development period. Child is very receptive to new learning experiences on their sensitive periods. So we have to carefully observe the child potential and interest and develop them. Every child is born with potential, adult only can developed that potential though right guidance and with right environment. Education helps the child in developing a love of learning. Education is not only done by listening to the words, child also needs practical exposure also. Through practical exposure they will learn easily and get understand in a better way, which also helps them in future also. If we want to teach etiquette to child or how to behave with their younger and elders then we would have to follow the practice first so that children may imitate and follow us. Montessori felt that adult should not assume that the child is empty and filled with our knowledge and experience. It is important to standard that the child has his own potential for life. For revealing that potential they only need proper environment. Potential + environment = development of potential. Environment, potential, freedom all are interrelated with each other. Children like to work as well as play. Dr. Montessori believe that potential is develop by their own ability. Small children are able to have good mental concentration. Child want mastery in an activity for this they repeat that activity again and again and they love that repetition. Child wants to know the activity in detail. Children also love for order. They want their material in proper order. Adult should teach that order properly. After using material teaches them put it back. When child choose the material then they enjoy that material and do that activity deeply with full concentration and capability. Children want to have choice so adult give them freedom of right to choice. Children love to work, they can’t sit idle. They want to do some constructive work. They want material which can help them to grow. For children no need of rewards and punishments. It’s adult responsibility to give them proper guidelines. Children’s have their sense of personal dignity. They also feel bad. They also love to clean themselves. Child get understand everything so don’t take them as granted. Children like silence, they only need environment. Teacher should start teaching from sounds of the letters n then from small letters. Children are able to write and read. If a child gets the material he/she is going to discipline. There are no competition, child get attach with material or with their friends. Teacher should know how she has to maintain discipline with material. Man is born in a civil environment and animal is born in a natural environment. That’s why child take more time for walk and talk as compare to animal’s child. Man move by using their mental ability which he has by birth but it’s not visible and we take as granted. Same way child have their own personality, they only need to develop. Personality consist of 4 developments- physical development by provide them specious space so he can move their finger’s movement etc, intellectual development by giving them freedom of choice though which they can use their mental ability and by giving full information as per as possible, social development and emotional development. They all development is also called unified personality. Child unified personality is revealed by self realisation or self construction. Spiritual embryo means self realisation. A child is in pure form when he is born. Self construction only develops if â€Å"will† is there. A lot of will is developing man’s intelligence, so we have to extra care to child. Mind, body, actions and will is interrelated with each other. â€Å"There is interchange between the individual, the spiritual embryo, and its environment. It is though the environment that the individual is moulded and brought to perfection† (the secret of childhood, p-35, ch-6). Spiritual embryo is a place where mental development is takes place. PDPP (pre determine psychic pattern) is a decided pattern which he is born with it, but it invisible or hidden inside. And for developing PDPP proper environment is required. It is also called NEBULAE. Whatever pattern with they born, they will become that, no one can change that pattern. It is unique potential. E. g- twins also have different finger prints. Same as MNEME, is a super power or through which we remember everything. Its create urge to achieve the particular skill. PDPP is only developed if prepared environment is available. Living and non living things is in environment. Environment should be by prepaid by knowledgeable adult who know the needs of child and according to the child nature not to the adult mood. Teacher should be good observer; she should know the necessary changes in environment. There is a link between environment and child. Child is born with potential, if potential is not there than how they use environment? Only when a child is free to use environment then he show his creativity and potential. Freedom helps the child to improve their potential. Freedom of movement is most important for children. Adult should give them to move from one place to other place. Through this freedom physical development is taking place. But child have to careful they do not violin the rules and should not disturb the others, adult should make some limitations and rule. With physical development, mental development is also takes place. Freedom of movement is also help in developing â€Å"will† in children. Will is involved on their freedom of choice. They perform constructive work with their choosy material. Intellectual development is also developing. Teacher or adult make sure they give them right choice. Adult should try to attract child’s attention towards material. To express their feelings child need to speak. We should allow the child to speak or talk to everybody without scaring from anybody. Teacher should give them freedom of speech so they easily develop their communication skills, expressing thoughts, vocabulary. But teacher should observe that child does not use abusive language and harsh words. Teacher should be good role model. Every child is born with their different personality, don’t force them for anything. Children should have competition with them self. Give them freedom from competition. Order will help in self esteem. Order of his proper environment is very important for children. It should be grouped. It should be arrange in concrete to abstract. If concrete method we used to teach they will learn easily and fast. Adult should provide them practical exposure. Without order very different to learn. He feels safer and also feels familiar. Adult should be a good role model. Teacher can use curriculum also and should be prepare organised. Always show real picture to child. Don’t give fantasy world otherwise they will live in fantasy. Always present real material through which they develop sense of responsibility. Children love to work with real materials. The internal aim of child is developing their infrastructure and mental development. With the help of real material they learn concentration. Every material should be meaningful and purposeful for the child. Real material is helping in developing their senses on their sensitive periods. â€Å"It is in the environment of the maternal guiding instincts with the sensitive periods of the newly born that conscious love develops between parent and child. † (Secret of childhood, ch-8, page- 216) Sensitive period is starting when child born. Parents have big hand on developing child senses. During sensitive periods child life are like windows of opportunity a child get to learn different skills. The child is extra sensitive to the stimuli it gets to learn a particular skill at those periods. Adult should give right guide during this period so they develop their sensitivities easily and faster. In between developing senses child get close with their adult or parent. Main motive of sensitive period is to develop child ability and goal of development as called SENSOTIAL EXPLORE. Child born with their personality so they are ready to learn by birth. Children’s have five senses- touch and organ is skin, taste and organ is tongue, sight and organ is eyes, smell and organ is nose and last sound/ hearing and organ is ear. Child have 6 sensitive periods in which they develop their senses and first is sensitivity to order in between 1-2 year. Child want stability in environment and for that order should be there. So adult should keep the environment orderly so children can develop their confidence level and self esteem. Second is sensitivity to learning though the five senses- senses are active by birth in child. Though senses they easily differentiate between objects. Example- sounds of different animals. They only need practical exposure and freedom for using their senses. Third is sensitivity to small objects- child always loved to choose small objects which they carry easily and can’t able to see big object properly. Adult should provide them small objects. Fourth is sensitivity to co-ordination of movement- children have reason to move. Their co-ordination of movement is only develop if will is there and will is only develop if adult give them of movement. Movement is also helping them in developing physical development. Fifth is sensitivity to language- if child is not exposing himself in language then he can’t able to express his feelings and his language is get spoil. Adult should give them freedom of language so he develops his vocal cod and vocabulary. Last or sixth is sensitivity to social aspects- learning in the play group is the best way of learning and children love to work with their friends. Adult should motivate them for interact with other child and being social. So adult should provide them that type environment through which they will develop their sensitive periods. Sensitive periods show the pattern which chid follows in gaining knowledge of his environment. On the other side absorbent mind is the way child absorb from the environment. Impressions do not merely enter his mind, they form it. They incarnate themselves in him. The child creates his own â€Å"mental muscles† using for this what he finds in the world around him. We have named this type of mentality (The absorbent mind, ch-3, page- 25). Child does not have impressions of environment, they form in his mind. Child develop their mental muscles by own and use in the world. They only want environment for store more and more things in their brain. And they use that collection in differentiating between 2 objects. There are2 types of period. One is unconscious mind period is between 0-3 yr. n which they absorb everything from environment. Second is conscious mind is between 3-6 yr. in which he is in embryonic stage or self construction period. PDPP and mneme is developing in conscious period. PDPP is a natural law of nature. There are 8 natural laws of development. First is law of work is taking place in both physically and mentally. Mind and physical energy called work. Adult should provide them purposeful work, through which child learn about peace, relaxing. Mental stage of child will be seen. Second is law of independence in this law child want to doing anything without any help is called independence. It is very important for child to be independent otherwise he relay every time on others. Adult should give freedom to do it. Third is power of attention. Pay extra attention is called power of attention. Adult should provide them small objects so they concentrate easily in an object. Fourth is development of will- decision make + action taken= will. there are 3 stages of will – one is spontaneously repeat action, second is he take decisions and then he take action and sense of responsibility is develop. Third is they doing work by their own, he discipline himself. Fifth is development of intelligence- intelligence is the ability make judgement an orderly manner and as soon as fast. Respond the stimuli very quickly and very sharply is called intelligence. Adult should provide them sensorial material so they develop their intelligence. sixth is development of child imagination and creativity- dr. Montessori believe that adult should provide real material to child not fantasy or imaginative otherwise child also start believing in fantasy. Creativity and imagination is only developing if real material should be available. Seventh is development of emotional and spiritual life- attachment of child and mother called emotional and spiritual life? Adult should help the child in developing social, emotional and spiritual life by loving and warm. Eighth is stages of growth and development- there are 4 stages first is 0-3-6 yr. is self construction in this period , second is 6-9-12 in this stage child is very comfortable, calm, cool stage, third is 12-15-18 in this period lots of disturbance is taking place is also called teenage for both male and female. Physical disturbance and hormones changes is also taking place, fourth is 18-21-24 children become settle down. They become mature, calm, understandable person. In whole philosophy adult have big role. Teacher should give directions to children. Child’s lead and teacher’s follow. Teacher should plan out the thing or she can make curriculum. Children have to develop himself in peace without any disturbance so its teacher responsibility to provide them that type of environment. Environment is the most important in releasing child potential so teacher showing herself as a growing person, she can’t be stagnant. She has 2 fold roles one is prepaid environment – she should keep such material through which child develop holistically. It should be interesting for child and force to work with material, it encourage to child. Material should be purposeful, aim for it. It will be help in discipline, obedience, mental development will takes place. Teacher should be place right material in the classroom. It will not heart him emotionally. Teacher should be neat and clean. Everything will be changing on the daily bases. Keep material changes otherwise they feel bore. Changes motivate the child and make them enjoyable. Place material according the child age. Teacher should make sure child should follow rules or limitations. Teacher should guide them in a orm manner. New material should be bring for children so become they learn more things. Teacher should give freedom of choice, freedom of speak, freedom of movement etc. adult prepare the environment and express to the child. Teacher need to give freedom of work with the environment. Teacher should be actively passive which means don’t do work for them; let them work to do ourselves. Teacher should have unified personality. Teacher should have active, creative, energetic, pleasing appearance etc. She needs to be knowledgeable or child psychology and child development knowledge should she have. She should be scientific observer. She should have faith in the child or believe in the child potential. She should not have judgemental. She should assist the child to developed his will and towards self discipline. She helps the child towards independence. She should good observer- she observe that how child use material, his behaviour towards material. Conclusion From the proceeding sections one can infer that education is not mere flow or exchange of information but provision of holistic environment such as the child may undergo all round development and his full potential is realised to the child, teacher, parents and the society. Free the child’s potential, and you will transform him into the world† (Dr. Maria Montessori, website-www. montessori. org). The essential purpose of Montessori is that give environment and freedom both are equally important for child development. If any of them is absent child get spoil badly. It is adult responsibility to give them that environment with freedom to use tha t environment carefully and orderly.

Why is it that we spend our time on the most useless things?

Why is it that we spend our time on the most useless things? We keep on hoping that somehow, our efforts are all going to be worth it. We keep on surviving knowing that in the end we die. And the worst of these is the fact that we keep on falling in love even if we will eventually get hurt. Do you believe in angels? Well if you do, how would you feel if I told you that there aren't any? What would come into your mind if I told you that angels do not exist? Will you hate the one who told you of them, just in case? It doesn't really matter what you believe in. What matters is that you know how you feel and that you'd stand proudly for your principles. And the most important thing is that you learn to accept the ideas of others no matter how much they might contradict yours. Keeping that in mind, I'd like to share an idea I have regarding these supernatural beings. Although I know it might be a total contradiction to a whole lot of standards set by the world, I still am hoping that you might find it worth your fancy. Life? What is it? You can't see it neither can you grasp it. You can't even control it. So why is it that we spend so much time trying to achieve longevity knowing that the future is uncertain? But is it really how long we live or how we live? To make the best out of every moment is the best way of taking advantage of such a situation. When would you most probably have your first experience of true love? It might sound corny but it's true that all of us would definitely come to that point. Why is it so difficult to expound on something that you would understand subconsciously, but can't find the right words to explain it? High school was rough. It might sound unbelievable but it's true. I couldn't hardly breath the first time I got in through the iron gates. I felt the weight of every eye scrutinizing my form. I guess it would appear to be nothing more than an example of a hyperbole. But the thought of all the prejudices being made about you is enough to make you feel uneasy. My freshman year isn't worth the time recounting. However, during my second year in school, whose name I care not mention, things took a different turn. Although it might sound like a total clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ but my experience with this girl changed my life forever. How? I'll tell you in the simplest way I can. At first I thought she would just be another passing face. I did see her once during my first year. It was during a program where she received an award as the captain of her volleyball team after winning in the inter high school competition. I didn't even notice her. So, by now I guess you have an idea of how awkward it was for me to admit I liked her. To admit something that would mean weakness is definitely not my line. We became classmates as sophomores and that was the time I really gave her the attention she deserved. I mean she's smart, beautiful, talented and rich. It's her right to demand respect. Her genius truly gained my admiration. It was kind of funny how something so innocent as admiration could turn into something as cruel and evil as lust. Although lust was not the first feeling I felt. She intrigued me entirely. Her ways caused such curiosity within me that I took time to study her. I wanted to know her. I wanted to understand the way her mind works. However, she definitely did not feel the same about me at first. Actually, she could care less if I felt anything towards her. She never gave me the slightest bit of attention she could spare. In fact, she didn't spare any at all. I could never really ask for any considering the fact that the law banned my deep admiration for her. Unfortunately, I have to leave this portion up for you to find out just how much trouble I was in. Another aspect of my humanity was about to be revealed. My body began to change rapidly as though I were taking some sort of drug. However, I did not let this get in the way of achieving my goal. I wanted supremacy, power and most of all, her. These changes never did cause that much trouble until my unfortunate demise came to pass. I wanted her so much that I broke all the rules and told her of how I felt. At first, I thought she felt at least a tiny bit of love for me. But my suspicions were proven wrong. She hated me for it. She even thought it was a joke. She made my disclosure nothing more than a laughing matter. And for this, I hated her. She tore my soul apart. She stepped on my ego like it was nothing more than a rag. I felt the rage burning up inside me. I wanted revenge. The night after the incident, I felt something inside me begin to swell. I felt a burning sensation in my back that seemed to consume my entire being. The combination of my broken heart and the excruciating pain made me want to die on the spot. I had nothing to live for anyway. It seemed like all those years of strife were for nothing.

Pythagorean vs. Equally Tempered Tuning is a paper discussing the differences, pros, and cons of the two systems of tuning musical instruments. Complete with 6 source bibliography.

Pythagorean vs. Equally Tempered Tuning is a paper discussing the differences, pros, and cons of the two systems of tuning musical instruments. Complete with 6 source bibliography. Pythagorean vs. Equally TemperedIn the western world of music, there is a commonly used system of tuning for an instrument, called equally tempered tuning. However, this was not always the system in use. Before equal tempered tuning, there was the Pythagoras scale, developed about 2,500 years ago by Pythagoras. Although Pythagoras' scale sounded very natural, it had a flaw. Over time, more complex instruments were created that could reach higher octaves, where the flaw became too obvious to ignore. While equal tempered tuning fixed the error, some qualities were also lost. To understand both of these systems and their differences, we must first have a basic understanding of sound.Sound is energy. When something creates sound vibrations, it makes molecules in the air vibrate (longitudinal waves), which then travel to the ear and vibrate the ear. These vibrations are then interpreted by the brain as sound. Different sounds have different shapes, velocities and pitches.English: Visual r epresentation of File:Pythagorean...The velocity of sound refers to the strength with which the sound is created. Pitch refers to the frequency or rate of vibration. If something is high pitched, it has a high frequency, meaning it vibrates the air at a higher rate, and a low pitch vibrates at a lower rate. Different sound interpreters have different frequency ranges. For example, humans can hear sounds ranging from 20Hz to 20kHz. However, dogs can hear sounds at 50 kHz or higher. This is why dog whistles cannot be heard by humans, but can by dogs; because their frequency is above our hearing range, but still within that of dogs.Discovered around 530 BCE, Pythagoras' Scale was a very natural sounding scale. It was first discovered, when Pythagoras realized that when you pluck two strings of a certain ratio to each other, it makes a...

Free Essays on Jane Austen Uses Of Irony In Pride And Prejudice

The first sentence of the novel Pride and Prejudice opens with an ironic statement about marriage, â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (1). A man with a fortune does not need a wife nearly so much as a woman is greatly in need of a wealthy husband. The entire novel is really an explanation of how women and men pursue each other prior to marriage. Jane Austen uses a variety of verbal, dramatic, situational and irony through the novel. The novel is full of verbal irony, especially coming from Elizabeth and Mr. Bennet. Verbal irony is saying one thing, but meaning the complete opposite. Although Mr. Bennet is basically a sensible man, he behaves strangely because of his sarcasm with his wife. Trapped in a bad marriage, he makes life endurable for himself by assuming a pose of an ironic passive spectator of life, who has long ago abandoned his roles as a husband and a father. He amuses himself by pestering his foolish wife or making insensitive remarks about his daughters. Mr. Bennet cruelly mocks his wife silliness and is shown to be sarcastic, and cynical with comments as â€Å"†¦you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party† (2). He laughs at her total obsession with finding suitable husbands for her five daughters. Elizabeth is to some extent similar to her father’s cynicism. At the second ball, not only did Elizabeth declined Darcy request to da nce with her, but mocked him with a comment like â€Å"Mr. Darcy is all politeness† (17). Another is â€Å"I am perfectly convinced by it that Mr. Darcy has no defect† when Darcy and Elizabeth joust with one another in Chapter11 (39). Her speeches crackle with irony that is filled with pep and display vibrant humor. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something that the character doesn’t, which is seen through Elizabeth and Darcy. In chapter 4, ... Free Essays on Jane Austen Uses Of Irony In Pride And Prejudice Free Essays on Jane Austen Uses Of Irony In Pride And Prejudice The first sentence of the novel Pride and Prejudice opens with an ironic statement about marriage, â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (1). A man with a fortune does not need a wife nearly so much as a woman is greatly in need of a wealthy husband. The entire novel is really an explanation of how women and men pursue each other prior to marriage. Jane Austen uses a variety of verbal, dramatic, situational and irony through the novel. The novel is full of verbal irony, especially coming from Elizabeth and Mr. Bennet. Verbal irony is saying one thing, but meaning the complete opposite. Although Mr. Bennet is basically a sensible man, he behaves strangely because of his sarcasm with his wife. Trapped in a bad marriage, he makes life endurable for himself by assuming a pose of an ironic passive spectator of life, who has long ago abandoned his roles as a husband and a father. He amuses himself by pestering his foolish wife or making insensitive remarks about his daughters. Mr. Bennet cruelly mocks his wife silliness and is shown to be sarcastic, and cynical with comments as â€Å"†¦you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party† (2). He laughs at her total obsession with finding suitable husbands for her five daughters. Elizabeth is to some extent similar to her father’s cynicism. At the second ball, not only did Elizabeth declined Darcy request to da nce with her, but mocked him with a comment like â€Å"Mr. Darcy is all politeness† (17). Another is â€Å"I am perfectly convinced by it that Mr. Darcy has no defect† when Darcy and Elizabeth joust with one another in Chapter11 (39). Her speeches crackle with irony that is filled with pep and display vibrant humor. Dramatic irony is when the audience knows something that the character doesn’t, which is seen through Elizabeth and Darcy. In chapter 4, ...

Why the Scientific Revolution did not Take Place in Chinaâ€Or Did It

Why the Scientific Revolution did not Take Place in China–Or Did It Introduction During the 16th and 17th centuries, new ideas were invented in the fields of biology, astronomy, chemistry and physics. These inventions transformed ancient and medieval perception of nature into modern science in the period that was called the scientific revolution.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Why the Scientific Revolution did not Take Place in China–Or Did It? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the renaissance period. According to Sivin (10), it was during this period that human beings began explaining natural happenings without consultation of the Christian doctrine. Discussion The history of science and technology in China contributed much to the advancement of the global knowledge in science and technology. Philosophers in China made advancements in various disciplines including astronomy, mathematics, science and technology. Her bal and traditional Chinese medicine played an important role in the society. One of the ideas invented by the Chinese includes the shadow clock. Kites and Kongming lanterns are among other flying machines that were invented in China. The use of the compass, papermaking and printing as well as gunpowder spread to Europe and other countries in the world from China (Sivin 13). There are many reasons put forward to explain the reason behind the failure of scientific revolution in China. One of the reasons is geographical position of the country. The climate of Britain favors agriculture because of its fertile soils and animal keeping especially in the western parts of the country. Incidences of drought and diseases were rare in Britain. Apart from providing meat, animals served industrial purposes in Britain such as pulling ploughs and transportation of goods, a factor that contributed to its development (Sivin 15).Advertising Looking for assessment on asian? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ecological benefits of Britain contributed much towards its industrialization unlike China. For instance, mines that were near markets made it easy for transportation of minerals. The northern part of China had coalmines that made the place unsafe as people feared attacks that forced them to migrate to the southern parts hence preventing extraction of coal. The steam power discovered from coal in Britain provided transport facilities using powerful machinery contributing to industrial revolution. Coal was obtained from Britain at cheaper prices motivating the country to continue with innovations (Sivin 20). This was not the case for China. The population of China plays a significant role in explaining why scientific revolution did not take place in the country. During this period, the population of China was higher than that of Europe. Laborers were paid low wages in China than in Europe because so many people were in need of jobs. Due to this reason, China did not see the need of developing devices to replace human labor. Furthermore, labor was not a problem. On the contrary, Europe had a small population and a large piece of arable land. In addition to this, Europe was frequently affected by natural disasters such as wars, famine and epidemics that reduced the population making it easier for countries in the region to manage their population needs. In addition, it meant that Europe had to look for ways of providing labor therefore establishing mechanization as the solution to their problem. The sparse population and need for employees meant increased salaries (Guohao Mengwen and Tianqin 83). Britain was technologically advanced than China that led to the earlier scientific revolution. Industrialization was mainly based on technological development and Europe had invented many things. For instance, Europe discovered how to capture heat and utilize it for human benefit. The problem in Chi na was because subsequent generations seemed to start from scratch instead of going on in advancing ideas already invented by earlier generations (Guohao Mengwen and Tianqin 120). The complex culture of the Chinese was a reason towards its delay in scientific revolution. Cultural traditions and customs like mode of diet commonly referred to as the cuisine, literature, music among other things vary from one city to another. The country was made up of different ethnic groups whose traditional practices were different.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Why the Scientific Revolution did not Take Place in China–Or Did It? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implied that there was no unity in the country as far as cultural practices were concerned. This made it difficult to join the people together for development of the county. Ebrey Walthall and Palais point out that for successful technological advancement, people should have common values and practices as symbol of unity (369). Scientific revolution was delayed because China did not produce surplus that could be exchanged with other countries to earn them foreign exchange. The country’s main crop was rice and most of it was consumed locally. In addition to this, accessibility was a problem. Transport facilities were not fully developed for easy transportation of goods making it difficult for commerce, which was crucial in the development of the economy (Ebrey Walthall and Palais 372). Conclusion In conclusion, scientific revolution marked a very significant period in many countries because it led to advancement in technology. In spite of the importance attached to the phase, China did not encounter the phase revolution at the same time when Europe did because of its large population, geographical setting and inadequate output. Before this period, most of the work was done manually, which was untidy and time-consuming. However, the invention of machine labor made work easier. Work that should have been done for many days could be done in few hours. Ebrey, Patricia, Walthall Anne and Palais, James. East Asia: A cultural, social, and political history. London: Cengage Learning, 2008.Print. Guohao, In, Mengwen, Zhang and Tianqin, Cao. Explorations in the history of science and technology in china. Shanghai: Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House, 1982.Print.Advertising Looking for assessment on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sivin, Nathan. Why the scientific revolution did not take place in China or did it? Shanghai: Chinese Science, 1982.Print

Environmental Problems in Victorian Era Britain essays

Environmental Problems in Victorian Era Britain essays Several factors in Great Britain during the Victorian age came together to form numerous problems. One problem among many was the issue of the environment. The new technology of the Industrial Revolution caused many problems for the Britainà ¿s environment. With the new gigantic machines at work in the city, workers were unable to work at home anymore. They were required to work in the city. This was also done so the masters of the factories could keep the workers under a tighter schedule. The new machines caused an enormous amount of pollution in the city. The air was smoggy, and the air had the acrid smell of burnt fossil fuels. The workers were forced to breathe in smoggy air, which often made them queasy, or very sick. This environmental problem greatly contributed to the outbreak of illness in Great Britain. Another factor which contributed to the disease outbreak was the close quarters they worked in. The limited space in the factories restricted the size of the workerà ¿s working area. This problem allowed the disease to spread like wildfire. Several disease outbreaks occurred, none of which were beneficial to the environment. It is almost certain that the diseases spread to animals who werenà ¿t immune to it. This would have weakened the food web. Many changes in Britain caused a domino effect, damaging the environment, spreading the disease to people, and also, as technology developed, more accidents happened. The Industrial Revolution caused many changes, positive and negative, and had a substantial effect on the environment of Great Britain. Several cities almost grew overnight in Britain in the 1700's. One example of this is the city Manchester. This city grew so quickly because of several features of the area. One major factor was the amount of coal in the area. The coal was the main power source for the engines and machines of the Revolution, so it was necessary for the major cities to have an abundance of coal. Manch...

My Participation in Relay For Life (RFL) essays

My Participation in Relay For Life (RFL) essays I recently volunteered at the Relay For Life Saturday April 13th, 2013 at the USF track There was a decent amount of people there including some cuties so that was a plus! The main rule was that each organization or team involved in Relay For Life has to have one walker on the track at all times. There were also fun games and contest such as the hairiest chest competition, which I did not make a run for as I have next to no hair on my chest, (I realize this is too much information, but just thought you should know). Then there was moment when they cut off the stadium lights and lit the candles in bags for lighting, which I vaguely remembered from my earlier experiences with Relay For Life. It was pretty cool as they lit the bags on the stadium reading Hope and then a little later they changed it so that it read Cure. A couple of people gave speeches and testimonys of personal experience with cancer, or stories of knowing someone who went through all the adversity that cancer brings with it. These speeches were then followed by the lap of silence around the track, which was emotional for many as it was also a silent remembrance of those who lost their battle with cancer. While most of Relay For Life was just hanging out and having a good time-as we played sports in the middle of the field for a while, I didnt feel guilty about it as another goal of Relay For Life is to have fun while celebrating and enjoying the life we have while we still have the chance. All the while getting healthy which helps prevent type two dia...

1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City Overview

1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City Overview The 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, Mexico Only ten days before the 1968 Olympic Games were to open, the Mexican army surrounded a group of students who were protesting against the Mexican government at the Plaza of Three Cultures and opened fire into the crowd. It is estimated that 267 were killed and over 1,000 were wounded. During the Olympic Games, political statements were also made. Tommie Smith and John Carlos (both from the U.S.) won the gold and bronze medals, respectively, in the 200-meter race. When they stood (barefoot) upon the victory platform, during the playing of the Star Spangled Banner, they each raised one hand, covered by a black glove, in a Black Power salute (picture). Their gesture was meant to bring attention to the conditions of blacks in the United States. This act, since it went against the ideals of the Olympic Games, caused the two athletes to be expelled from the Games. The IOC stated, The basic principle of the Olympic Games is that politics plays no part whatsoever in them. U.S. athletes violated this universally accepted principle . . . to advertise domestic political views.* Dick Fosbury (United States) drew attention not because of any political statement, but because of his unorthodox jumping technique. Though there had been several techniques previously used to get over the high jump bar, Fosbury jumped over the bar backward and head first. This form of jumping became known as the Fosbury flop. Bob Beamon (United States) made headlines by an amazing long jump. Known as an erratic jumper because he often took off with the wrong foot, Beamon tore down the runway, jumped with the correct foot, cycled through the air with his legs, and landed at 8.90 meters (making a world record 63 centimeters beyond the old record). Many athletes felt that the high altitude of Mexico City affected the events, helping some athletes and hindering others. In response to complaints about the high altitude, Avery Brundage, the IOC president, stated, The Olympic Games belong to all the world, not the part of it at sea level.** It was at the 1968 Olympic Games that drug testing debuted. Though these Games were filled with political statements, they were very popular Games. Approximately 5,500 athletes participated, representing 112 countries. * John Durant, Highlights of the Olympics: From Ancient Times to the Present (New York: Hastings House Publishers, 1973) 185.** Avery Brundage as quoted in Allen Guttmann, The Olympics: A History of the Modern Games (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1992) 133. For More Information History of the OlympicsList of the Olympic GamesInteresting Olympic Facts

Race and Representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Race and Representation - Essay Example At the same time the celebration has its own pit falls as it might retrogress into violence and killing at the slightest trigger. "This is a delicate situation, and â€Å"race† remains fissile material." (Gilroy, 2004, p. 14). There have been many studies centered on most races of the world. But the images of whiteness have not been placed under the microscope as much as other images of race especially that of blackness. The purpose of this study is to make a cursory glance of the images of whiteness that evolved over the years. Representation and study of racial images or stereotypes are having many sensitive issues. The visual representation of racial stereotypes might force people to re-live and freshen old memories, which might jeopardize inter-racial relation. However, academic pursuits cannot be neglected for the sensitivity of a few. In fact the study might throw light on the subliminal foundations for the formation of stereotypes and provide us the escape routes for the mounting racial and ethnic tensions that has resulted in the loss of many human lives. The idea of race itself is questionable, as Appiah has put it: There is nothing in the world that can do all we ask race to do for us†¦. Talk of race is particularly distressing for those of us who take culture seriously. For, when race works-in places where â€Å"gross differences† of morphology are correlated with â€Å"subtle differences† of temperament, belief, and intention-it works as an attempt at metonym for culture, and it does so only at the price of biologizing what is culture, ideology. (Appiah 1992:45) The central thesis of this paper is the essential nature of the image of whiteness as a historical construct developed over many years similar to its foil blackness. This study focuses on the works of Richard Dyer. Whiteness is essentially a body of knowledge, ideologies, behavioral norms, and many practices constructed over the history

Cour Issues Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cour Issues Analysis - Research Paper Example Moreover, there is a backlog of cases in the judiciary; this backlog is perhaps an attribute to the vicious cycle of crime fueled by the inefficiency of the judiciary to exercise deterrence in administering sentences. The aim of the penal system is to exercise deterrence and retribution to offenders and other like-minded individuals. It is therefore the role of the judiciary to uphold this principle and protect the rule of law. In that regard, this paper shall analyze the past, current and future issues affecting the court system. The justice system is faces a myriad of issues currently. Apart from the normal difficulty of administering justice and protecting the rule of law, courts are facing difficulties with the victim’s rights issues and translation issues due to language barriers. The most severe of issues faced by the justice system, courts, and administrators is the enormous task of handling huge chunks of cases piling everyday in the prosecutor’s desk. Perhaps t his is the major reason why prosecutors are under immense pressure, resulting in dropping cases daily. Nevertheless, the courts in current times are marred with a premise of delayed cases that never seem to see their day in court. This situation befits the legal maxim as quoted by William Ewart that justice delayed is justice denied. However, court administration may at times see it fit to rush the court proceedings to clear up the backlog and congestion of the cases scheduled for hearing. Dire consequences may result from such haste to hear and determine cases, since court cases affect human lives, and due care is paramount in discharging justice. After all, courts were not fashioned to operate in such a hasty manner. It is obvious that the criminal justice system is overburdened; this has in turn exerted a ripple effect in the prosecutor’s office. More and more felony cases are dumped as plea bargains. This is both good and bad. Since the perpetrator of a felony accepts a p lea bargain for a lesser charge and gets a lesser penalty for that charge. Although it is a beneficial tact in time conservation, but it grossly, undermine the purpose of existence of any judicial system anywhere. The purpose of the court system is to provide justice, and punish the wrongdoer. Furthermore, in the discharging of justice, the judicial system has a role of deterrence and retribution via the correction facilities. Therefore, if deterrence from crime is a function of the judicial system, then it should not merely dispense lesser sentence due to time management. Proper judgment should be administered to console and restitute the injured party. While it is beneficial for the court to manage their time through plea bargains, criminal offenders and other likeminded individuals are not effectively deterred from criminal activities since consequences are less severe. The prevailing uninhabitable conditions of correction facilities due to overcrowding, communicable diseases pre valence, intrinsic violence, and being strikingly counterproductive schools for crime that churn out hardened convicts (Muraskin, R. & Roberts, R. 2009), contributes to the courts reluctant state from issuing harsher sentences. Nevertheless, the tendency of the courts to ignore the deterrence factor of sentencing, has contributed to a vicious cycle of criminal activity that perhaps has contributed to the heightened backlog of cases. This is increasingly causing many challenges to the

The Measures to Ensure Compliance and Smooth Running of the Cadsolar Case Study

The Measures to Ensure Compliance and Smooth Running of the Cadsolar Inc - Case Study Example The company should have a higher liability policy to ensure that if an employee does a wrong in the line of duty the company is liable which is under the doctrine of respondeat superior. This is where the actions of an employee acting within the scope of employment the employer will be held liable for their actions. Larry an employee of Cadsolar battered and falsely imprisoned Antonie after he discovered that he had indicated all Cadsolar’s information in the term sheet but Antonie did not disclose any information regarding Pathways Lighting. The government requires companies to have strategies that prohibit bribery and corruption to avoid future instances like experienced when opening a company where they recommend transparency2. For instance, during formation of Cadsolar Inc. SSC demanded 15% of equity for every invention created by the company so as to allow the opening of Cadsolar Company. Cadsolar Company should ensure that there is enough cash flow to avoid using money set aside for income tax that is emitted from the employees’ accounts in order to avoid penalties from Internal Revenue Service. Cadsolar Company tried to pay Antonie for the damages that were caused by Larry with the money meant to pay Internal Revenue Service. Cadsolar Company had opted to hire contractors instead of employees because they wanted to evade paying taxes which would have amounted to fines and penalties. Hiring employees would be expensive for the company because it would have catered for the insurance but contractors are not insured by the hiring company. It is a fundamental rule that any company that has more than twenty employees should put in place a policy ensuring that no discrimination exists whether by race, sex, color, religion, or sexual harassment and any other element that would amount to discrimination.  

Practice Theories and Micro-therories Coursework

Practice Theories and Micro-therories - Coursework Example 166). Thus, nursing theories made nursing care simpler and easy to understand through theoretical representation. From the author’s viewpoint, nursing theories serve as the strongest foundation of nursing which guide nursing actions and standards of practice. Without this, the author believes that nurses’ care would be unsystematic, of low quality, and not holistic. In line with this, the author will discuss types of nursing theories, particularly practice theories and micro-range theories. Furthermore, this paper will focus on micro-range theory of learned responses in managing multiple chronic diseases through Corbin and Strauss’s chronic illness trajectory model along with Bury’s concept of biographical disruption. This paper will also analyze the importance of nursing theory to the nursing profession and the relationship of nursing theory to nursing leadership, nursing education, and nursing informatics. Analysis of the Importance of Nursing theory to the Nursing Profession Nursing theories are essential to the nursing profession as they guides nursing practice and research (Houser, 2008, p. 174). Nursing theories are significantly related to nursing practice because theory is shaped by practice and practice evolved because of the development in theories. The development of nursing theories has also provided means to establish nursing as a profession. According to Meleis (2012), nursing theories provide nurses with the framework and goals for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention (p. 36). Each aspect of nursing care is grounded to nursing theories to enhance critical thinking and decision-making related to care and to effectively manage patient’s situations and conditions. Thus, nursing theories are important in the nursing process. Through theoretical perspective, nursing practice becomes more efficient, effective, and goal-directed (Meleis, 2012, p. 35). Since nursing theories serve as the blueprint of practice, extran eous areas or activities are minimized leading to conservation of time, energy, and talent of nurses in practice. In this case, nursing goals and nursing knowledge or theories are clearly articulated which may result in effective seeking and responding of patients and families to care being rendered by the nurse. It is not only in nursing practice that nursing theories are of great importance but to the research body as well. Nursing theories have the same degree of importance to nursing research as they guide nursing research by limiting what questions to ask and what methods to use in answering the research questions. Both the nursing theories and nursing research have cyclical relationship because the result of the research can be used to verify, modify, disprove, or support a theoretical proposition that can promote growth and enrichment of nursing theory as a scholarly discipline (Meleis, 2012, p. 35). Upon analysis of the importance of nursing theories, the author has learned two essential fields in relation to nursing theories: research and practice. For the purpose of this paper, the author will discuss in the next texts practice theories, micro-theories, and the key concepts and

Should base level funding for critical infrastructure protection Research Paper

Should base level funding for critical infrastructure protection against foreign terrorists organizations include domestic (internal) threats - Research Paper Example ously increased their capacities in terms of sophistication and potential damage, there is need to take necessary steps to guard key infrastructures both private- and publicly owned against these developments. In order to effectively tackle cases of terroristic attacks against CI, base level funding for protection against foreign terrorist organizations should include domestic or internal threats. Indeed in today’s modern world, without critical infrastructure a society cannot function optimally. In fact, it is only in times of peace and relative security that critical infrastructures are characteristically, for granted taken. It must however be appreciated that when one critical infrastructure is annihilated, the entire nation somehow feels the effects of the loss (ITAC, 2006). In some cases, the loss may be as great in magnitude as to affect one or more countries significantly. Owing to their significance, critical infrastructures are always naturally become vulnerable targets for terrorists – foreign or those that exist within the nation’s borders (ITAC, 2006). It is in appreciation of this fact that the government in conjunction with its citizens and other stakeholders must always ensure that these infrastructures remain secure and function properly. In the US, currently, there is no clear policy as to how base level funding should be used. This therefore means that in cases of need, funding meant for foreign terrorist protection could be used to solve issues related to domestic threats. While terrorist gangs have often resorted to using bombs and other violent methods, it must be appreciated that they are likely to change tactics soon or later. Instead of engaging in physical combat, terrorists may opt to target information systems and other cyber assets in an unprecedented way. This could of course have a devastating effect since most of the country’s critical infrastructure is run or controlled by computers which in most cases are networked (ITAC,

Client brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Client brief - Essay Example Byron Kakulas. The organization works for the children suffering from such ailments through fundraising activities, gaining of sponsorships and through donations. Total amount of fund raised during 2011 was estimated to rise by $200 Million in comparison to the 2010 period. The major contributors to the organization’s charitable fund comprised of 28 industries pertaining to resources and 49 industries pertaining to property and lease holdings. 1 Internal and External Environment Analysis of the Organization Internal Environment TOWS Matrix for the Concern The TOWS Matrix for Muscular Dystrophy Western Australia can be framed as follows reflecting the threats, weaknesses, opportunities and strengths of the concern. ... oreover another threat faced by the firm is possessing small number of offices that in turn make it hard for the company to manage the different volunteers allocated to different regions. 2 Weaknesses-Threats Lack of proper office infrastructure limits the ability of the firm to enhance its research objectives. Again owing to the lack of effective volunteers operating in large numbers the organization fails to deliver the best possible service to the ailing community. Weaknesses- Opportunities Though opportunities exist in terms of financing and community support from the firm’s external climate the company suffers from its incapability in forming strategic alliances with other health based organizations. Inability of the company to open proper offices in ailment prone zones makes it difficult for the company to render effective services in spite of finances and communal support.3 Strength- Opportunities The organization tends to render a larger growth opportunity for the peop le in the form of volunteers to grow with the company which presently operates based on a permanent team member of five people. Moreover the opportunities available from the external environment in the form of financial and communal support help the firm to grow and develop its human resources through training and developmental functions. External Environment Public The Muscular Dystrophy Western Australia organization focuses on gaining a large amount of public support owing to its community sharing and support programs aimed at enhancing the relationships with the parents of the ailing children. Through such community network the organization tends to forward potential advice and support. Moreover the organization supports the people suffering from career problems through holding of workshops

The Implementation of the Critical Success Factors Case Study

The Implementation of the Critical Success Factors - Case Study Example After original implementation, a stabilization stage happens when implementation challenges are predetermined and organizational performance gets better. Ross comments that nearly all organizations stay in the stabilization stage for many months and occasionally years. The constant improvement of the procedure follows and lastly major process transformation is facilitated. Few organizations get to the transformation stage even though most prepare to. Ross observes that big ERP system implementations might engage different series through the procedure model for every separate unit in the ERP system. In another case study, Markus and Tanis designed a four-stage ERP implementation procedure model. The stages are chartering, plan, shakedown, and onward and upward. The chartering stage comprises expansion of the business case, the assortment of the ERP package, classification of a project executive, and endorsement of the financial plan and to-do list. The project and shakedown stages are very alike to the implementation and stabilization stage in the Ross model above. The onward and upward stage entails the continuous business development and transformation consequent to the very last two stages of Ross’s model. Environmental and cultural issues play a significant part in the ERP implementation achievement.Without a doubt, ERPs have also shown challenging to put into practice, even in Western organizations, frequently due to an underrated requirement for change management and the relocation of roles and their significance for actors. Most organizational practices are subjective not only by societal features but as well as by the reflections suitable within an organizational sector, public or private. Private organizations are different from public organizations at three separate levels.

Math questions Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Math questions - Speech or Presentation Example vertisement: â€Å"In a recent clinical study, Brand ABC* was proved to be 1950 percent better than creatine!† Actual brand will not be named (Sobecki et al., p. 810). Comment: For one, the statement is missing numerical figures essential a reader’s understanding such as the probability that the new substance promoted would take effect within a specific confidence interval. Despite claiming that the product is 1950% proven effective, no actual proof is presented so the ad’s exaggeration could either raise suspicion or stir curiosity on potential consumers. Readers may also find themselves trying to make vague sense of how recent the study was made since the claim does not go any further than mentioning ‘recent’ which could mean dating to a couple of years back. Moreover, the term ‘clinical’ appears insignificant unless replaced by a name of a credible health institution known to have conducted similar studies in the past. By not divulging the brand name or label, the advertisement runs the risk of making some of the readers think that it is a possible hocus-pocus or that without sufficient details, it emerge s a detractor of another leading brand in the market. Explanation: The double negatives and the manner in which the question is made seems misleading as it occurs more disposed to convince someone to agree that tutoring students who pass is still important. Chances are, on one hand, the person being asked may be readily and psychologically conditioned to consider the importance of tutorial in any case without paying due regard on situations it is most needed, and on the other, he or she may find that passing students make no significant difference from the failing ones. So the ambiguity of meanings attached to the question might cause results out of an erroneous understanding that tutorial is actually a necessity and the query sounds as if no second thoughts or further analysis is required. It is quite obvious how the application of suspect